![]() ![]() Coronal images are useful for assessing free edge abnormalities of the meniscal bodies, evaluating the anterior and posterior meniscal roots, and detecting displaced flap or bucket-handle components of meniscal tears. For the internal structures, use coronal and sagittal images. Subsequently, check for cartilaginous or osteochondral bodies and assess the bony alignment.ģ. Check on sagittal and coronal images for marrow abnormalities, such as red marrow reconversion, fracture, contusion, or mass lesion. Start with the sagittal and axial images to look for possible knee effusion or Baker cyst. Line up the similar-plane fat-saturated (fs) and non-fs images and synchronize them for tandem evaluation.Ģ. This will also help readers perceive which structures are best depicted/evaluated in which particular plane.ġ. The below-outlined stepwise interpretation approach is only a practical guide, and all structures of the knee should be evaluated in multiple planes for optimal assessment. Conceptual details of related MR physics and imaging protocol are discussed in the chapter on MR protocol optimization. ![]() This chapter discusses the imaging evaluation approach and describes how to fill in the structured checklist (Box 1). A systematic image analysis and structured reporting is prudent for optimal diagnostic assessment of the knee structures. The capsule is deficient on the lateral condyle, allowing the popliteus tendon to exit the joint.įigures 1 to 6 show the normal MR appearance of important knee joint structures. Posteriorly, the capsule attaches at the cartilaginous margins of the femoral condyles. The synovial membrane extends posteriorly through the joint space and surrounds the two cruciate ligaments, rendering them extrasynovial. Anteriorly, the synovial membrane is separated from the capsule, which attaches to the patella and lines the posterior surface of infrapatellar fat pad. Superiorly, the capsule attaches to the femur, immediately proximal to the articular margins of the condyles, and inferiorly on the tibia, distal to the cartilage. The three compartments share a common joint capsule, composed of a strong outer fibrous layer, with local thickenings, which form ligaments, and a thin inner synovial membrane. The knee is arbitrarily divided into medial and lateral compartments, in which the medial and the lateral femoral condyles articulate with the respective articular surfaces of the tibial plateau, and patellofemoral compartment, in which the patella articulates with the femoral trochlea. It is stabilized by a complex arrangement of ligaments, tendons and muscles. ![]() The knee is a pivotal hinge joint, which connects the bones of the upper and lower leg, and allows flexion and extension, as well as limited medial and lateral rotation. ![]()
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